With adapters that use in-kernel drivers, simply plug the adapter in and it will work (applies to most desktop/laptop distros as many server distros do not include WiFi support but it can be added).

A device that adds wireless connectivity to a laptop or desktop computer. All of the adapters below are available as external USB modules as well as PCI or PCI Express (PCIe) cards that plug into ...

A device based on the 802.11 protocol that is used to add desktop computers and printers in remote locations to the network without having to string cables or equip each one with a Wi-Fi adapter.