The design as presented by [Alec] uses a three by three grid of piezoelectric (PZT) transducers, which unlike other designs uses the same transducers both for transmitting the signal and receiving ...

1.18) which is an oval or elliptical shell driven by a piezoelectric ceramic stack along the major axis of the shell with amplified motion along the direction of the minor axis. Since the inactive ...

PZT is the exemplary smart material, used in all manner of sensors, actuators and transducers from vibration dampers to sonar equipment. But the presence of lead is a drawback not only for ...