The only exception has been where the mantle is exposed by faulting, where a crack forms in the Earth's crust. I was part of an international team which retrieved a record-breaking 1,268m-long ...

The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere. (This includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.) Churning currents in the molten rocks below propel them along like a ...

The Earth has a layered structure made up of the core, the mantle and the crust. Different elements are present in different parts of the Earth’s structure. The crust is made from enormous ...