That's why concrete piers poured in waxed cardboard tubes and smooth wooden installing deck posts work well for below-grade ...

concrete deck patching, deck replacement, superstructure replacement, and a new structure, the study ultimately recommended superstructure replacement. This meant everything above the piers need ...

The report to the council outlined that Old North Pier had an estimated repair bill of £300,000, with £200,000 of repairs to its rock armour and £100,000 of concrete repairs to its deck area.