As mentioned in Chap. 2, the main design standard for cold-formed framing is Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members by American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).1 The ...

Cold heading machines form a metal blank into shaped parts by using a reciprocating ram to force a punch into a preformed die. Heat is not added during part manufacturing. The cold heading process ...

Cold forming involves shaping metal without heat treatment either manually or using a jig, while hot forming uses heat to aid the shaping and forming of the metal. Folding is basically using a ...